The massive pre-Columbian population sustained itself via farming – there is intensive archaeological proof for slash-and-burn agriculture, terraced fields, large earthen mounds and residential gardens. Our new examine clarifies the dimensions of pre-Columbian populations and their impact on their environment. By combining all published estimates from populations all through the Americas, we discover a probable indigenous inhabitants of 60m in 1492. For comparability, Europe’s inhabitants on the time was 70-88m spread over less than half the realm.